C68MX11 CPU Core

General Description

The C68MX11 CPU core is based on the Motorola M68HC11 microcontroller controller, but has an enhanced full 16 bit architecture, thus requiring less clock cycles for completing a large number of instructions compared with the original device. In addition to executing all M6800 and M6801 instructions, the C68MX11 instruction set includes more than 90 new opcodes as in the original M68HC11.

A large number of peripheral modules can be added to achieve highly sophisticated, on-chip capabilities, as for example a complete 16 bit timer system with 3 input capture lines, 5 output compare lines and real-time interrupt function, and an asynchronous or synchronous serial communication interface. Pins for complete monitoring of internal registers have been added for test purpose.

Features

¨    Enhanced 16 bit architecture

¨    Machine Software compatible with industry standard M68HC11

¨    Byte efficient instructions, powerful addressing modes, 8x8 multiplication supported

¨    Less machine-cycles per operation

¨    Memory mapped I/O

¨    Parallel I/O system

¨    Real time interrupt system (RTI)

¨    Synchronous Serial Peripheral Interface system (SPI)

¨    Full-duplex UART system (SCI)

¨    16 bits timer system includes 3 input capture and 5 output compare systems

¨    8 bits pulse accumulator

¨    Watchdog system (COP) interrupt available

¨    Clock monitor fail interrupt available

¨    Address space of 64 KBytes

¨    No internal reset generator or gated clock

¨    SYNCHRONOUS RESET ; the C68MX11 has 3 reset vectors sources, which easy identify a cause of system reset.

¨    Fully synthesizable, static synchronous design with no internal tri-states

¨    VHDL Test bench provided

¨    De-multiplexed Address/Data Bus to allow easy connection to memory  available on request

 

Symbol

C68MX11 - Symbol

 

Pin Description

Name

Type

Polarity

Description

RESETN

In

Low

External Reset

CLK

In

-

Master Clock

E

Out

-

Master Clock E

AS

Out

High

Address Strobe

RXW

Out

-

Read/Write Control

CMIRQN

In

Low

Clock Monitor Interrupt

COPIRQN

In

Low

COP Interrupt

COP_EN_N

In

Low

COP Interrupt Enable

XIRQN

In

Low

External Interrupt

IRQN

In

Low/Edge

Non-maskable Interrupt

PE_IN[7:0]

In

-

Port E Input

PC_DATA_IN[7:0]

In

-

Port C Input (I/O)

PC_DATA_OUT[7:0]

Out

-

Port C Output (I/O)

PC_DDR[7:0]

Out

-

Port C data direction (I/O)

PB_OUT[7:0]

Out

-

Port B Output (I/O)

PA20[2:0]

In

-

Port A Input (I/O)   Bit 2 to 0

PA63[6:3]

Out

-

Port A Output (I/O) Bit 6 to 3

PA7

In

-

Port A Input (I/O)   Bit 7

DDRA

Out

-

Port A bit 7 tri-state buffer enable

PORT_A7_OUT

Out

-

Port A Output (I/O)   Bit 7

DDRD[5:0]

Out

-

Port D data direction (I/O)

PORTD_OUT[5:0]

Out

-

Port D Output (I/O)

PD[5:0]

In

-

Port D Input (I/O)

PC_IN[7:0]

In

-

Port C Input (Multiplexed address/data)

PC_OUT[7:0]

Out

-

Port C Output (Multiplexed address/data)

PC_EN

Out

-

Port C tri-state buffers enable

PB[7:0]

Out

-

Port B Output (address [15:8])

TXDATA

Out

-

SCI transmit data

MISOO

Out

-

SPI Master In Slave Out Output

MOSIO

Out

-

SPI Master Out Slave In Output

SCKO

Out

-

SPI Clock Output

RXW

Out

-

Read/Write Control

TEST_IX[15:0]

Out

-

Test Index Register IX (test purpose only)

TEST_IY[15:0]

Out

-

Test Index Register IY (test purpose only)

TEST_SP[15:0]

Out

-

Test Stack Pointer SP (test purpose only)

TEST_D_ACC[15:0]

Out

-

Test Accumulator D (test purpose only)

TEST_CCR[7:0]

Out

-

Test CCR Register (test purpose only)

DATA[7:0]

Out

-

Data Bus (demultiplexed)

ADDRESS[15:0]

Out

-

Address Bus (demultiplexed)

 

Programmer's Model

 

Block Diagrams

C68MX11 CPU Block Diagram

CPU

 

C68MX11 Block Diagram

C68MX11 CPU Core

Functional Description

The central processing unit (CPU) of the 68MX11 has more than 300 instruction opcodes and 6 addressing modes can be used to reference memory:

·       IMM - immediate (the actual argument is contained in the byte(s) immediately following the instruction)

·       DIR - direct (the least significant byte of the effective address of the instruction is contained in the byte following the opcode. The high-order byte of the effective address is assumed to be 00 hex)

·       EXT - extended (the effective address explicitly appears in the 2 bytes following the opcode)

·       IND - indexed (either index register IX or IY is used for effective address calculation)

·       INH - inherent (the operands are CPU registers and they are inherently known by the CPU)

·       REL - relative (used only for branch instructions)

The CPU is able of addressing 64 Kbytes of memory. I/O access is memory-mapped. Although the data busses have a width of 8 bit most of the instructions have 16 bit equivalent instructions. The C68MX11 offers multiply, add, subtract, compare, increment & decrement, load & store, and shift instructions of 16 bit operands. The CPU consists of two general-purpose 8-bit accumulators used to hold operands and results of arithmetic calculations or data manipulations. The accumulator A and B can be combined into a 16 bit double accumulator D. The 16 bit index registers IX and IY are used for indexed addressing modes. The CPU automatically supports a program stack. This stack may be located anywhere in the 64 Kbyte address space through the stack pointer and may be any size up to the amount of memory available in the system. The condition code register (CCR) contains five status indicators (carry, overflow, zero, negative, and the half carry flag), two interrupt masking bits (IRQ and XIRQ mask), and a STOP disable bit.

Core Assumptions

The design is fully synchronous and doesn’t contain any internal tristate buses, therefore special considerations for synthesis can be avoided. The design offers all of the original 308 opcodes and behaves exactly in the same manner as the original 68HC11,with the exception discussed below. Due to this modification the C68MX11 has actually 301 Opcodes

The variation from the original device are as following:

·       The following OPCODES and relative mnemonics have been NOT implemented in order to save area or because they would have made no sense in the core implementation (TEST). If required they can be implemented on request.

1.     FDIV INH Opcode 03

2.     IDIV INH Opcode 02

3.     STOP INH Opcode CF

4.     TEST INH Opcode 00

 

The C68MX11 core is licensed from Moxsyn S.r.l.
All trademarks mentioned in this document are trademarks of their respective owners.

 


 

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